Define your research question and objectives before creating the survey questions.

Use clear and concise language, avoiding technical jargon or complicated vocabulary.

Make sure the survey questions are relevant and important to the academic context and the research question.

Use different types of questions (e.g. multiple choice, Likert scale, open-ended) to gather different types of data.

Test the survey with a small sample group before distributing it widely to ensure clarity and effectiveness.

Consider the length of the survey and make sure it is not too long, as this can reduce response rates and increase the likelihood of incomplete responses.

Use branching logic to tailor questions to the respondent's previous answers and ensure that all respondents receive relevant questions.

Include demographic questions at the end of the survey to gather useful data about the respondents.

Use a variety of distribution methods (e.g. email, social media, online forums) to reach a wide audience.

Consider offering incentives (e.g. gift cards, free access to research results) to increase response rates and improve the quality of responses.